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KGS Fact Sheets

Informational fact sheets about Kentucky geology, natural resources, and geologic hazards.

26 fact sheets available

Showing 26 of 26 fact sheets
Karst Sinkholes
2023
Geologic Hazards

Karst Sinkholes

Junfeng Zhu

Learn the difference between a subsidence and cover-collapse sinkhole, the role of karst geology in the formation of sinkholes, and what to do if you find one.

Series 13
Landslides
2023
Geologic Hazards

Landslides

Mitigation, recognition, and identification tips for landslides, as well as safety and prevalence.

Series 13 Issue 1
Orphaned Oil and Gas Wells
2023
Energy Resources

Orphaned Oil and Gas Wells

Shows a map of known abandoned or 'orphan' wells and methane containment strategies for these wells across the state of Kentucky

Series 13 Issue 2
Earthquakes
2020
Geologic Hazards

Earthquakes

Kentucky is affected by earthquakes from several seismic zones in and around the state. The most important one is the New Madrid Seismic Zone. Includes a diagram of the Kentucky Seismic and Strong-Motion Network.

Series 13
Earth Analysis Research Library (EARL)
2019
Water Resources

Earth Analysis Research Library (EARL)

Earth Analysis Research Library, or EARL, is the largest and most comprehensive public research repository of solid geological samples in Kentucky. These samples provide the best available information for ground-truth observation of Kentucky’s subsurface. Examination and understanding of these materials can provide critical and cost-saving insights for energy exploration, environmental management, geotechnical investigation, hydrologic assessment, and geologic research.

Series 13
How KGS Uses LiDAR
2019
Research Infrastructure

How KGS Uses LiDAR

Jason M. Dortch

KGS established its Digital Earth Analysis Laboratory (DEAL) in 2017 to support research on innovative LiDAR solutions to benefit the commonwealth. DEAL contains high-end computer workstations capable of working with large LiDAR files, a high-capacity server containing 14 TB of Kentucky LiDAR data, an 80-inch touchscreen display to facilitate collaboration, and a variety of specialized mapping and analysis software.

Series 13
Oil and Natural Gas in Kentucky
2019
Energy Resources

Oil and Natural Gas in Kentucky

Oil and natural gas occur across Kentucky. Early explorers and settlers found natural oil and gas seeps to be common. The first oil boom occurred after the Civil War in south-central Kentucky.

Series 13
Hydraulic Fracturing in Kentucky
2017
Energy Resources

Hydraulic Fracturing in Kentucky

A history of hydraulic fracturing / fracking in Kentucky. Information about hydraulic fracturing operations in Kentucky.

Series 13
Coal
2015
Energy Resources

Coal

An overview of coal, its formation, role in Kentucky economy, and diagrams of Kentucky coal fields, as well as an illustration showing surface and underground mining methods.

Series 12
Carbon Storage Research, Hancock County Test Well
2014
Carbon Storage

Carbon Storage Research, Hancock County Test Well

An overview of a project exploring viability of a site in Hancock County, Kentucky for carbon sequestration.

Series 12
Carbon Storage Research, Incentives for Energy Independence Act 2007
2014
Carbon Storage

Carbon Storage Research, Incentives for Energy Independence Act 2007

The Kentucky Incentives for Energy Independence Act of 2007 mandated and funded carbon storage research at KGS. Specific goals of this research were to quantify the potential for enhanced oil and gas recovery using carbon dioxide; test permanent geologic storage potential for CO2 with two deep wells; test the Devonian shale for carbon storage potential and enhanced gas recovery

Series 12
Carter County Test Well
2014
Carbon Storage

Carter County Test Well

Overview of a project to collect subsurface data to assess the geologic carbon storage potential of a site in northeastern Kentucky.

Series 12
CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Pilot Projects
2014
Carbon Storage

CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Pilot Projects

Carbon Storage Research, CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery Project Information about using CO2 for enhanced oil recovery in Kentucky.

Series 12
Coalbed Methane Resource
2014
Energy Resources

Coalbed Methane Resource

Series 12
Induced Seismic Events in Kentucky
2014
Geologic Hazards

Induced Seismic Events in Kentucky

Information about human-induced seismic activity in Kentucky.

Series 12
Kentucky County Groundwater Resources Reports
2014
Water Resources

Kentucky County Groundwater Resources Reports

The Kentucky Geological Survey has developed a series of county groundwater resources reports that contain general information on hydrology, geology, topography, water supply and usage, and groundwater quality.

Series 12
Kentucky Groundwater Data Repository
2014
Water Resources

Kentucky Groundwater Data Repository

The Kentucky Groundwater Data Repository was initiated in 1990 by the Kentucky Geological Survey under mandate from the Kentucky legislature (KRS 151:035). The repository was established to archive and disseminate groundwater data collected by State agencies, other organizations, and independent researchers.

Series 12
Meteorites
2014
Minerals

Meteorites

Information about how meteorites form, and locations in Kentucky where meteorites have been found, including examples on display in the Mining & Mineral Resources Building on UK campus.

Series 12
Minerals
2014
Energy Resources

Minerals

Mineral resources in Kentucky fall into four broad categories: metals, gemstones, industrial and coal, and oil and natural gas. Metals include zinc, lead, iron, copper, titanium, and rare earth elements. Pearls, diamonds, and agates are examples of semiprecious or precious gemstones. All other minerals and rocks of economic significance, including fluorite, barite, limestone, clay, sand, gravel, and phosphate, are classified as industrial minerals.

Series 12
Water
2014
Water Resources

Water

Surface water and groundwater are present throughout Kentucky’s 39,486 square miles. Surface water occurs as rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, and wetlands. Ground-water occurs in the pore spaces within rocks and alluvium, in fractures, and in solution openings or conduits in areas underlain by soluble carbonate rocks (for example, limestone).

Series 12
Geology of the Bluegrass Pipeline
2013
Research Infrastructure

Geology of the Bluegrass Pipeline

Information about geological considerations for the Bluegrass Pipeline.

Series 12
Fossils
2005
Earth Sciences

Fossils

How fossils form, what a fossil is, and a chart showing what sorts of fossils are commonly found in Kentucky.

Series 12 Issue 4
Trilobites: KGS Fact Sheet (black and white)
2000
Earth Sciences

Trilobites: KGS Fact Sheet (black and white)

Facts about trilobites. Black and white printer friendly version.

Series 12
Limestone
1999
Minerals

Limestone

Limestone is a valuable resource in Kentucky and an abundant sedimentary rock. This fact sheet describes mining techniques for limestone and some of its commercial uses.

Series 12 Issue 3
Trilobite Facts: KGS Fact Sheet (color)
1999
Earth Sciences

Trilobite Facts: KGS Fact Sheet (color)

Facts about trilobites. Color version.

Series 12
Industrial & Metallic Minerals
1996
Minerals

Industrial & Metallic Minerals

An overview of industrial and metallic mineral extraction and use in Kentucky, includes a map showing limestone and dolomite occurrence.

Series 11 Issue 5