KGS Fossil Publications

Field Guide to Big Bone Lick, Kentucky: Birthplace of American Vertebrate Paleontology

Glenn W. Storrs, H Gregory McDonald, Eric Scott, Robert A. Genheimer, Stanley E. Hedeen, Cameron E. Schwalbach

Big Bone Lick is the birthplace of vertebrate paleontology in the Western Hemisphere and has a long and celebrated history in the exploration of the American colonial frontier and of the early United States. Notable European scientists of the 18th century such as Buffon, Cuvier, and Hunter discussed the fossils found there. Prominent Americans of the time, such as Boone, Washington, Franklin, and Jefferson are also part of the site’s history. It is the type locality for several extinct late Pleistocene megafaunal mammals, most notably the iconic American Mastodon, who were attracted to the area by salt licks dictated by the local geology. The valley of Big Bone Creek was unglaciated during the Wisconsinan advance and numerous saline springs well up through fractured bedrock of the Cincinnati Arch, providing essential minerals for the physiology of mammalian herbivores. The fossil remains at Big Bone Lick are an attritional assemblage, apparently including those that are the result of Native American predation. Archaeological remains from all local Native American cultural periods have also been found at the lick. The site is perhaps most notable in the history of science for its role in the development of comparative morphology and the establishment of the concept of extinction. This special publication reflects research and scholarship produced in conjunction with the April 2022 joint North-Central and Southeastern section meeting of the Geological Society of America. As the authors are not Kentucky Geological Survey staff, the work described herein is not a product of KGS scholarship or explicitly reflective of KGS views. Additionally, cited historical documents included in this publication may include biased language or views that misrepresent indigenous cultures.

History and Geology of Madison, Indiana, and Clifty Falls State Park

Richard A Smath, Frank R. Ettensohn, Margaret Luther Smath

Compiled By Richard A. Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey Frank R. Ettensohn, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky Margaret Luther Smath, Kentucky Geological Survey Geological Society of Kentucky Fall Field Trip, November 5, 2016 Field Trip Leaders: Frank R. Ettensohn, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky Benjamin F. Dattilo, Indiana University–Purdue University Ray Daniel, Kentucky Geological Survey David Dockstader, Jefferson Community and Technical College Betsy Herbert, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky

The Jeptha Knob cryptoexplosive structure Shelby County, Kentucky and Fossil Collecting at Grant Lake and Calloway Creek Limestone Outcrops

William M Andrews, Mark F Thompson, Frank R. Ettensohn, Stephen F Greb

National Association of State Boards of Geology Council of Examiners Workshop Council of Examiners Workshop Field Trip: April 15,2012 Morning part: The Jeptha Knob Cryptoexplosive Structure, Shelby County, Kentucky Afternoon Part: Fossil Collecting at Grant Lake and Calloway Creek Limestone Outcrops Hosted by Kentucky Board of Registration for Professional Geologists Kentucky Geological Survey April 15, 2012 Contents Dedication -inside front cover Acknowledgments p. ii The Jeptha Knob Cryptoexplosive Structure, Shelby County, Kentucky p. 1 William M. Andrews Jr. and Mark F. Thompson Roadlog Mileage p. 1 Introduction p. 1 Previous Scientific Investigations p. 3 Carbonate Impact Targets p. 4 Points of Interest p. 5 Point of Interest 2: Margin of the Fault and Fold Belts p. 5 Point of Interest 3a: Faults, Folds, and Injection Breccias(?) p. 7 Point of Interest 4 and Stop 1: The Knobs Farm–Resort Home p. 9 Point of Interest 5: A View from the Top and Ordovician-Silurian Contact p. 9 Point of Interest 6: The Southwest Fault Belt and Arcuate Knob Belt p. 10 References Cited p. 13 Fossil Collecting at Grant Lake and Calloway Creek Limestone Outcrops p. 17 Frank R. Ettensohn and Stephen F. Greb Roadlog Mileage p. 17 Introduction to Fossil-Hunting Localities p. 18 Stratigraphy p. 18 Upper Ordovician Paleogeography p. 18 Depositional Environments p. 18 Calloway Creek Limestone p.20 Lower Interval p. 20 Upper Interval p. 21 Soft-Sediment Deformation p. 22 Grant Lake Limestone p. 22 Paleoecology p. 25 References Cited p. 31 Appendix A p. A1 Appendix B p. B1

Carboniferous geology and biostratigraphy of the Appalachian and Black Warrior Basins

Stephen F Greb, Donald R. Chesnut

1: Introduction Donald R. Chesnut Jr. and Stephen F. Greb, p. 3 2: Carboniferous of the Black Warrior Basin Jack C. Pashin and Robert A. Gastaldo, p. 10 3: The Mississippian of the Appalachian Basin Frank R. Ettensohn, p. 22 4: The Pennsylvanian of the Appalachian Basin Stephen F. Greb, Donald R. Chesnut Jr., Cortland F. Eble, and Bascombe M. Blake, p. 32 5: Appalachian Basin Fossil Floras Cortland F. Eble, Bascombe M. Blake, William H. Gillespie, and Hermann W. Pfefferkorn, p. 46 6: Mississippian Conodonts of the Appalachian Basin John E. Repetski and Robert Stamm, p. 59 7: Mississippian Ammonoids of Alabama James A. Drahovzal, p. 62 8: The Mississippian Ammonoid Succession in the Central Appalachian Basin, Eastern Kentucky David M. Work and Charles E. Mason, p. 65 9: The Pennsylvanian Ammonoid Succession in the Appalachian Basin David M. Work, Charles E. Mason, and Royal H. Mapes, p. 71 10: Biostratigraphic Distribution of Appalachian Carboniferous Trilobites David K. Brezinski, p. 78 11: Carboniferous Echinoderm Succession in the Appalachian Basin Frank R. Ettensohn, William I. Ausich, Thomas W. Kammer, Walter K. Johnson, and Donald R. Chesnut Jr., p. 85 12: Carboniferous Coral Succession in the Appalachian Basin Frank R. Ettensohn and Walter K. Johnson, p. 94 13: Ostracodes as a Tool for Understanding Environmental Distribution in the Carboniferous Strata of the Eastern United States Christopher Dewey, p. 98

Exploring the Geology of The Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Region, Second Revised Edition

Paul Edwin Potter

Preface, p. viii Preface to the Second Edition , p. viii Dedication, p. viii Acknowledgments, p. ix Funding Acknowledgments, p. ix Thank You, p. x Abstract, p. 1 Introduction, p. 1 References Cited, p. 4 Digging Deeper, p. 4 Yesterday's Pioneers, p. 6 References Cited, p. 9 Geologic Evolution, p. 10 Continental Position and Overview, p. 10 References Cited, p. 10 Landscape, p. 10 Four Principal Landscape Regions, p. 12 Landscape Evolution, p. 14 References Cited, p. 17 Digging Deeper, p. 22 Bedrock, p. 23 Subsurface Formations, p. 23 Precambrian, p. 24 Paleozoic Era, p. 28 References Cited, p. 34 Digging Deeper, p. 36 Outcropping Formations, p. 37 Distribution and Characteristics, p. 37 Sedimentation, Cycles, and Sequences, p. 46 Fossils, p. 48 References Cited, p. 50 Digging Deeper, p. 53 Geologic Structure and the Cincinnati Arch, p. 54 References Cited, p. 55 Glacial Deposits, p. 56 Types and Distribution, p. 56 Dating local lee Sheets, p. 61 References Cited, p. 65 Digging Deeper, p. 65 Geologic History and Influence of Far-Distant Events, p. 67 Precambrian, p. 67 Paleozoic Era, p. 69 Origin of the Cincinnati Arch, p. 70 The Big Gap: Silurian to Late Tertiary Time, p. 71 Pleistocene Glaciations, p. 72 References Cited, p. 72 Digging Deeper, p. 73 Living and Working with Our Inheritance, p. 74 Surface Processes, p. 74 Soils, p. 74 Mass Wasting, p. 75 Swelling Soil, Fill, Shale, p. 78 Floodplains, p. 78 Urban Sedimentation, p. 82 References Cited, p. 84 Digging Deeper, p. 89 Groundwater, p. 92 References Cited, p. 95 Digging Deeper, p. 95 Geologic Hazards, p. 96 Identifying and Understanding Landslides, p. 96 Earthquakes, p. 97 Sinkholes, p. 101 Radon, p. 102 Contemporary Stress-Release Structures, p. 103 References Cited, p. 103 Digging Deeper, p. 104 Solid-Waste Landfills, p. 106 References Cited, p. 107 Digging Deeper, p. 107 Construction Materials, p. 108 Building and Dimension Stone, p. 108 Sand and Gravel , p. 110 Bedrock, p. 110 References Cited, p. 110 Digging Deeper, p. 110 Field Work in the Greater Cincinnati Region, p. 114 References Cited, p. 115 Digging Deeper, p. 117 Sources of Information, p. 118 Counties and Cities, p. 118 Kentucky, p. 118 Indiana, p. 118 Ohio, p. 119 U.S. Government, p. 120 Local Geotechnical and Environmental Firms, p. 120 Glossary, p. 121 References Cited, p. 127 On the Back Cover, p. 128

Fossils

How fossils form, what a fossil is, and a chart showing what sorts of fossils are commonly found in Kentucky.

Tracking Trilobites: Adventures in Paleontology

Judy Lundquist

A general-audience book about trilobites, their evolution, types of trilobites and where to find them, how to find fossils, and locations in Kentucky that are likely to have trilobite fossils.

Fossils at the William T. Young Library

Stephen F Greb, Donald R. Chesnut

Includes a fossil identification key for the limestone floors in William T. Young Library on University of Kentucky campus.

Guidebook for Geology Field Trips in Kentucky and Adjacent Areas: 2002 Joint Meeting of the North-Central Section and Southeastern Section of the Geological Society of America, Lexington, Kentucky

Frank R. Ettensohn, Margaret Luther Smath

Field Trip Guidebook in conjunction with the 2002 Joint Meeting of the North-Central Section and Southeastern Section of the Geological Society of America, Lexington, Kentucky Editors' Introduction, p. iii Field Trip 1: Carbonate Buildups in the Fort Payne Formation (Lower Mississippian), Cumberland County, Kentucky, by Richard A. Krause and David L. Meyer, p. 1 Field Trip 2: Mississippian Stratigraphy and Karst Geology of the Mammoth Cave Region, Kentucky, by Walter Johnson and Ken Kuehn - published separately Field Trip 3: Middle and Upper Mississippian Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments in East-Central Kentucky: The New Bighill Exposure, by Frank R. Ettensohn, Walter Johnson, Alex Stewart, Mike Solis, and Tina White, p. 14 Field Trip 4: Silurian through Lower Mississippian Geology, Paleontology, and Economic Influence in the Falls of the Ohio Region, Kentucky/lndiana, by R. Todd Hendricks, Frank R. Ettensohn, and Robert E. Whittemore, p. 35 Field Trip 5: The Middlesboro Impact Structure and Regional Geology of the Pine Mountain Thrust Sheet, by Keith A. Milam and Kenneth W. Kuehn, p. 59 Field Trip 6: Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Coal Geology in Eastern Kentucky, by Cortland F. Eble, Stephen F. Greb, Ronald L. Martino, Jeremy Lawson, and Lance Tully, p. 76 Field Trip 7: The Impact of Geology on the Culture and History of Central Kentucky, by William M. Andrews Jr., Matthew M. Crawford, and John B. Hickman, p. 110 Field Trip 8: The Geology of Pound Gap on the Pine Mountain Thrust Sheet: Eastern Kentucky and Virginia, by Stephen F. Greb - published separately Field Trip 9: Middle and Late Ordovician Seismites from Central Kentucky, by Frank R. Ettensohn and Alex K. Stewart, p. 130 Field Trip 10: Upper Ordovician Facies, Depositional Environments, and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Lexington-Frankfort Area, Central Kentucky, by Carlton E. Brett, Patrick I. McLaughlin, and Susannah L. Taha McLaughlin, p. 152

Compositional Variations in the Fire Clay Coal Bed of Eastern Kentucky: Geochemistry, Petrography, Palynology, and Paleoecology

Cortland F Eble, James C. Hower, William M Andrews

CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Fire Clay Coal Project 2 Previous Investigations 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 6 Full-Channel Samples 7 Parameter Variability According to Ash Yield 7 Trace Elements in Coal 9 Paleoecology of the Fire Clay Coal Bed 10 Compositional Groupings for the Fire Clay Coal Bed 10 Group 1: Lycospora–Vitrinite Dominant 11 Group 2: Mixed Palynoflora–Vitrinite Dominant 12 Group 3: Mixed Palynoflora–Moderate to Low Vitrinite 12 Group 4: Mixed Palynoflora–High Ash Yield 13 Interpretation 13 Recommendations for the Coal Mining Industry 14 Summary 16 References Cited 17

Trilobite Facts: KGS Fact Sheet (color)

Facts about trilobites. Color version.

Pipe-Organ Structures in the Lee Formation (Pennsylvanian) of the Central Appalachian Basin: Animal or Plant?

Donald R. Chesnut, James C Cobb, Stephen F Greb

Reprinted from Journal of Paleontology, vol. 66, no. 1, p. 148-156, 1992

Reptile Trackway from the Lee Formation (Lower Pennsylvanian) of South-Central Kentucky

Donald R. Chesnut, Donald Baird, J. Hiram Smith, Richard Q. Lewis

Reprinted from Journal of Paleontology, vol. 68, no. 1, p. 154-158, 1994

Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky

Warren H. Anderson

Contents Collecting Rocks and Minerals, p. 1 Rock Collections and the Amateur Collector, p. 2 Rocks, Minerals, and the Earth, p. 3 Geology of Kentucky, p. 4 Sedimentary Rocks, p. 7 Coal, p. 8 Limestone, p. 9 Dolostone, p. 11 Conglomerate, p. 12 Sandstone, p. 13 Shale, p. 14 Clays, p. 15 Igneous Rocks, p. 16 Metamorphic Rocks, p. 19 Glacial Drift, p. 19 Methods Used in Identifying Minerals, p. 19 Crystals, p. 20 Cleavage and Fracture, p. 20 Color, p. 22 Hardness, p. 22 Streak, p. 22 Luster, p. 23 Specific Gravity, p. 23 Tenacity, p. 23 Acid Test, p. 24 Magnetism, p. 24 Fluorescence, p. 24 Minerals, p. 24 Descriptions, p. 24 Native Elements, p. 25 Sulfides, p. 26 Sulfates, p. 29 Oxides, p. 32 Silicates, p. 35 Carbonates, p. 39 Phosphates, 45 Tungstates and Molybdates, p. 46 Halides, p. 46 Nitrates, p. 48 Borates, p. 48 Minor Minerals, p. 48 Gold and Silver, p. 49 Jonathon Swift Silver Mines, p. 50 Vein Mineral Deposits, p. 51 Other Mineral Deposits, p. 56 Iron, p. 56 Phosphate, p. 56 Geodes, p. 58 Concretions and Nodules, p. 59 Meteorites, p. 60 Collecting Sites, p. 61

Fossil Beds of the Falls of the Ohio

Stephen F Greb, Donald R. Chesnut, Richard Todd Hendricks

Contents Part I - Introduction Introduction, Location, p. 1 Geology of the Falls Area, p. 2 Quaternary Period, p. 2 Devonian and Silurian Periods, p. 3 History of Scientific Study, p. 3 Protecting the Fossil Beds, p. 5 Part II - Walking Tour Indiana Shore - Layered Limestones and Fossil Preservation, p. 5 Spillway and Spillway Wash - River Erosion and Fossil "Hash," p. 7 Dam and Drainage Creeks - Jointed Bedrock, p. 9 South Flats - Coral Craters, p. 10 The Islands - Coral Caves, p. 10 Orange Beds - Crystal Snails and Fossil Shells, p. 10 Part III - Fossil Identification at the Falls Corals, p. 10 Rugose Corals, p. 10 Horn Corals, p. 10 Bundles and Mounds, p. 15 Tabulate Corals, p. 15 Large Mounds, p. 15 Branching Bushes, p. 18 More Mounds, Tubes and Chains, p. 21 Stromatoporoids, p. 21 Mounds, p. 21 Crusts and Mats, p. 22 Branching Tubes, p. 22 Bryozoans, p. 23 Shelled Fossils, p. 23 Brachiopods, p. 23 Pelecypods, p. 25 Rostroconchs, p. 25 Gastropods, p. 27 Other Fossils, p. 27 Echinoderms, p. 27 Trilobites, p. 28 Vertebrate Remains, p. 29 Summary, p. 30 Educational Ideas for Groups at the Falls, p. 33 Treasure Hunt/Fossil Identification, p. 33 Biggest Coral Contest, p. 33 Fossil Drawing, p. 33 Fossil Mapping, p. 34 References to Aid in your Understanding of of the Falls of the Ohio and Fossils in Kentucky, p. 34 Appendix A: Measured Sections, p. 36 Appendix B: Fossil Names and Locations, p. 38

Geology of the Devonian Strata of the Falls of the Ohio Area, Kentucky-Indiana: Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Paleontology, Structure, and Diagenesis

Richard Todd Hendricks, Frank R. Ettensohn, Stephen F Greb, T. Joshua Stark

From the Annual Field Conference of the Geological Society of Kentucky, held September 10-11, 1993

Paleontological Survey of the Pennsylvanian Rocks of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field: Part 1, Invertebrates

Donald R. Chesnut

Contents Abstract, Introduction, p. 1 Dark Ridge Member, p. 1 Coal Cliff and Hensley Members, p. 5 Shale member B, C, Dave Branch Shale, p. 6 Shale member D, p. 7 Molus Shale Member, Partridge Shale Member, p. 8 Betsie Shale, p. 9 Shale member F, p. 11 Crummies shale member, p. 12 Shale member G, H p. 13 Dwale and Elkins Fork Shale members, p. 14 Kendrick Shale member, p. 16 Marine members I and J, p. 22 Shale member K, L, p. 23 Shale member M, p. 24 Magoffin Member, p. 25 Marine member N, Cowcreek member, p. 32 Marine member O, p. 33 Bulan Shale member, Stoney Fork member, p. 34 Main Block Ore beds, member P, p. 37 Kilgore - Flint Ridge flint, p. 38 Obryan Limestone, Limekiln clay bed, member Q, R, p. 39 Member S, T, U, Brush Creek Limestone, p. 40 Member V, W, Y, Ames Limestone, p. 41 Unknown bed, Conemaugh Formation, p. 42 Appendix A: Geologic Quadrangle Maps Used in This Report Appendix B: Paleontological Reports of the U.S. Geological Survey Paleontology Branch Appendix C: Stratigraphic Occurrences of Listed Fossils Appendix D: Type Sections

Guide to "Progression of Life" with Notes on the History of Life in Kentucky

Stephen F Greb

This publication accompanies the "Progression of Life" poster, commemorating the Sesquicentennial Anniversary of the Kentucky Geological Survey Introduction, p. 1 Precambrian Life, Precambrian Period, p. 3 Paleozoic Marine Invertebrates, p. 3 Cambrian Period, p. 3 Ordovician Period, p. 6 Silurian Period, p. 7 Devonian Period, p. 12 Mississippian Period, p. 12 Other Paleozoic Aquatic Life, Vertebrates, p. 13 Paleozoic Terrestrial Life, p. 17 Vertebrates, p. 18 Early Plants, Devonian Period Forests, p. 21 Pennsylvanian Period Swamps, p. 21 Mesozoic Life, p. 24 Triassic Period, Jurassic Period, Cretaceous Period, p. 24-26 Cenozoic Life, p. 31 Tertiary Period: Paleocene and Eocene Epochs; Oligocene and Miocene Epochs; Pliocene Epoch, p. 31 Quaternary Period: Pleistocene Epoch; Holocene Epoch, p. 32-35 Pronunciation Guide, p. 36

A guide to the Progression of Life with notes on the history of life in Kentucky

Stephen F Greb

This was likely a preliminary version of the publication linked at the URL above. It was released along with a poster in 1989.

Progression Of Life: In Commemoration of the Sesquicentennial Anniversary 1838-1988

Stephen F Greb

28x20 poster.

Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Paleontology (Upper Ordovician), and glacial and engineering geology of northern Kentucky and southern Ohio

Roy C Kepferle, Martin C. Noger, David L. Meyer, Gregory A Schumacher

Annual Field Conference of the Geological Society of Kentucky September 25-26. 1987

Pennsylvanian Plants of Eastern Kentucky: A flora from the Breathitt Formation near Grannies Branch and Rocky Branch of Goose Creek, Clay County, Kentucky

P. A. Spurgeon, J. R. Jennings

CONTENTS Introduction, p. 1 Location of the Study Area, p. 1 Stratigraphy, p. 2 General Stratigraphy, p. 2 Jellico Coal Zone, p. 2 Previous Investigations, p. 3 Eastern North America, p. 3 Eastern Kentucky, p. 3 Methods of Study, p. 4 Systematic Paleontology, p. 4 Division Lycophyta, p. 4 Lepidodendron cf. L. aculeatum, p. 4 Lepidostrobus ornatus(? ), p. 4 Lepidostrobophyllum lanceolatum, p. 4 Lepidophylloides longifolium, p. 5 Bothrodendron minutifolium, p. 5 Ulodendron majus, p. 5 Asolanus sp, p. 10 Stigmaria ficoides, p. 10 Division Sphenophyta, p. 10 Calamites cisti, p. 10 Calamites undulatus, p. 10 Annularia galioides, p. 10 Asterophyllites longifolius, p. 11 Asterophyllites charaeformis, p. 14 Sphenophyllum cuneifolium, p. 14 Paleostachya sp, p. 14 Bowmanites sp, p. 15 Divisions Pterophyta and Cycadophyta, p. 15 Pecopteris cf. P. plumosa, p. 15 Sphenopteris amoena, p. 15 Sphenopteris obtusiloba, p. 18 Sphenopteris sp, p. 18 Alethopteris decurrens, p. 18 Alethopteris cf. A. lonchitica, p. 19 Neuropteris gigantea, p. 19 Neuropteris cf, N. tenuifolia, p. 19 Neuropteris heterophylla, p. 25 Mariopteris nervosa, p. 25 Eremopteris gracilis, p. 26 Trigonocarpus sp, p. 27 Discussion, p. 27 Conclusions, p. 28 Acknowledgments, p. 29 References Cited, p. 31 Appendix l : Descriptions of Measured Sections, p. 34

The Paleontology of Kentucky: A Symposium

Willard Rouse Jillson

A Symposium outlining systematically, and briefly describing with stratigraphic references the various fossil forms of life indigenous to the rocks of the Commonwealth, arranged and edited Lower-res (smaller file) version: https://kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/olops/pub/kgs/s_6/KGS6RI361931c.pdf The Ordovician Fauna By Arthur Crane McFarlan The Silurian Fauna By August Frederick Foerste The Devonian Fauna By Thomas Edmund Savage The Mississippian Fauna By James Marvin Weller The Pennsylvanian Invertebrate Fauna By William Clifford Morse The Pennsylvanian Vertebrate Fauna By Roy Lee Moodie The Mesozoic Fauna and Flora By Joseph Kent Roberts The Cenozoic Fauna and Flora By Joseph Kent Roberts The Pleistocene Fauna By Chalmer Lewis Cooper

Pleistocene of Northern Kentucky

Frank Leverett, Stephen Sargent Visher, Arle H. Sutton, Joseph K. Roberts, Armin Kohl Lobeck

"A regional reconnaissance study of the physical effects of glaciation with the Commonwealth." Contents: The Pleistocene of Northern Kentucky. Leverett, p. 1 Preface by T.C. Chamberlin p. 1 Residuals on uplands p. 2 Tertiary deposits p. 3 Early Pleistocene fluvial plains on predecessors of the Ohio River below Louisville p. 18 Extent to which Ohio River was developed by pre-Illinoian glaciation p. 26 Drainage peculiarities near Louisville p. 28 Deficient trenching on streams within the Blue Grass region p. 31 Features in Kentucky referable to pre-Illinoian (Jerseyan?) glaciation p. 33 Age of deposits in abandoned sections of the old Kanawha River p. 47 Silt filling in other valleys p. 49 Scattered erratics in southeastern Ohio p. 50 Character and position of the Illinoian drift border in Kentucky p. 59 Loess and wind-deposited material in Kentucky p. 63 Glacial drainage on Ohio Ricer in Wisconsin glacial stage p. 64 Appendix 1: Report on microscopic examination of thin sections of erratics, by Walter F. Hunt and O.F. Poindexter p. 73 Appendix 2: Views expressed by John Filson and others as to the fossils at Big Bone Lick, Kentucky p. 77 The Climate of Kentucky. Visher, p. 81 Introduction p. 87 Acknowledgements p. 89 Kentucky Climate p. 91 Climate and Physiography p. 147 Geology of the Southern Part of the Dawson Springs Quadrangle. Sutton, p. 169 Illustrations p. 172 Letter of Transmittal p. 174 Chapter 1: Introduction p. 175 Chapter 2: Topography p. 179 Chapter 3: Stratigraphy and Paleontology p. 191 Chapter 4: Structural Geology p. 257 Chapter 5: Historical Geology p. 269 The Cretaceous Deposits of Trigg, Lyon, and Livingston Counties, Kentucky. Roberts, p. 281 Illustrations p. 286 Introduction p. 287 Physiography p. 289 Stratigraphy and Lithology p. 294 Structural Features p. 306 Economic Geology 308 Geologic History p. 319 Bibliography p. 324 The Geology and Physiography of the Mammoth Cave National Park. Lobeck, p. 327 Preface p. 328 Illustrations p. 329 Contents p. 330 Introduction p. 331 The Mammoth Cave National Park Region p. 331 Geologic Structure of Mammoth Cave National Park Region p. 345 Physiography of Mammoth Cave National Park Region p. 353 The Caves and their Deposits p. 371 Description of Mammoth Cave p. 389 Notes on the Human Geography of the Mammoth Cave Region p. 393 Notes on Reading Material p. 397 Index p. 401

Contributions to Kentucky Geology

Willard Rouse Jillson

"An indexed collection of all the shorter papers and reports of the state geologist written during the year 1919 on the mineral resources of the Commonwealth." Contents: A Sketch of the Development of the Oil and Gas Industry in Kentucky during the Past Century (1819-1919) p. 1 The Used and Unused Natural Gas Fields of Eastern Kentucky and their Relations to Present and Future Public Service Demands p. 27 Structural Deformation and its Relation to Proven Oil and Gas Accumulation in Eastern Kentucky p. 36 The Status of the Mauch Chunk in Southeastern Kentucky as a Producer of Petroleum of and Natural Gas p. 47 The Kendrick Shale - A New Calcareous Fossil Horizon in the Coal Measures of Eastern Kentucky p. 56 The Migration of the Headwaters Divide of Right Middle Creek. Floyd County, Kentucky p. 65 The Low Sulphur Coals of Kentucky p. 70 The New Oil and Gas Pools of Allen County p. 75 The Oil and Gas Geologies of Breathitt and Knox Counties p. 88 A Bibliography of the Coals of Kentucky p. 140 The Production of Coals in Kentucky p. 147 The Wier Sand - A Newly Recognized Oil Horizon in Eastern Kentucky p. 176 The Pay Oil Sands of Eastern Kentucky p. 189 The New Oil and Gas Pools of Warren County, Kentucky p. 233 A Bibliography of Kentucky Petroleum, Natural Gas, Asphalt and Oil Shale p. 252 Index p. 263

Kentucky Fossil Corals: A Monograph of the Fossil Corals of the Silurian and Devonian Rocks of Kentucky in Two Parts, Part II

William J Davis

Reissue of an 1885 publication, KGS2RI131885. Incomplete edition (92 of 139 original plates).

The Kendrick Shale -- A New Calcareous Fossil Horizon in the Coal Measures of Eastern Kentucky (Report of Investigation 2, part 6)

Willard Rouse Jillson

Report of Investigation 2, part 6 Volume 1, Number 2

Fourth Series, Volume Two, Part Three

Arthur McQuiston Miller, Sadocia C. Jones

Also called "Second Annual Report." Contents: Geology of Franklin County. Miller, p. 7 History p. 11 Maps p. 12 Topography and Drainage p. 12 Geographical Investigations p. 15 Stratigraphic and Aral Geology p. 18 Tyrone Limestone p. 20 Lower and Middle Trenton p. 23 Upper Trenton p. 25 Tertiary p. 37 Disturbances. p. 38 Mineral Veins p. 38 Analyses p. 41 Native Trees and Shrubs p. 62 List of Fossils p. 69 Table of Distances p. 81 Geographical Positions p. 82 Elevations p. 83 Soil Survey of Franklin County. Jones, p. 89 Introduction p. 93 Geology p. 97 Physiography and Drainage p. 98 Plant Food p. 125 Agricultural Conditions p. 134 Appendix p. 139

Fourth Series, Volume One, Part One

Joseph B. Hoeing, Albert F. Crider, Arthur McQuiston Miller, August F Foerste, F. Julius Fohs

Also called "First Annual Report." Contents: Personnel of Survey p. 7 Preface p. 9 Oil and Gas p. 21 Barite, Fluorspar, Zinc, and Lead p. 62 Water Power, p. 67 Coals of the Big Sandy Valley, Hoeing, p. 79 General Features p. 80 General Description, (includes analyses of coal samples) p. 109 Geology of the Tell City and Owensboro Quadrangles, Crider, p. 263 Chapter 1: Tell City Quadrangle p. 263 Chapter 2: Owensboro Quadrangle p. 305 Geology of the Georgetown Quadrangle, Miller, p. 317 The Geological Formations of the Quadrangle p. 319 Structural Geology p. 336 Soils p. 343 Timber p. 343 Appendix p. 344 Geographic Positions within the Georgetown Quadrangle p. 349 Fossils, Plates 5-10, pp. 353-364 Identification of Trenton and Lower Geographical Horizons, Foerste, p. 365 A Chemical Study of the Trenton and Stone's River Rocks in Central Kentucky, Foerste, p. 377 Phosphate Deposits in the Upper Trenton Limestones of Central Kentucky, Foerste, p. 387 Table of Analyses of Samples... p. 386 Table of Trenton and other Ordovician Formations... p. 389 Earlier Discoveries of Phosphate Rock in Central Kentucky p. 391 Recent Investigations of the Trenton Phosphate Deposits of Central Kentucky p. 396 Prospecting for Phosphatic Rocks in Central Kentucky p. 423 A Knowledge of the Dip as a Guide in Prospecting p. 423 Areas Worthy of Further Investigation p. 425 The Use of Ground Phosphate Rock p. 426 Correlations of Trenton Strata in Kentucky with Those of Western Tennessee p. 429 Description of Localities from Which Samples for Chemical Analyses Have Been Collected p. 431 Barytes Deposits of Central Kentucky, Fohs, p. 441 Chapter 1: Geology p. 441 Chapter 2: Ore and Spar Deposits p. 448 Chapter 3: Description of Typical Occurrences p. 465 Chapter 4: Descriptive Table of Veins p. 488 Chapter 5: Production p. 523 Chapter 6: Prospecting and Mining Methods p. 527 Chapter 7: Milling Methods p. 535 Chapter 8: Manufacture of Barium Products p. 551 Appendix 1 p. 572 Appendix 2 p. 576 Appendix 3 p. 579

The Identification of Trenton and Lower Geological Horizons (Report of Investigation 1, part 8)

August F Foerste

Report of Investigation 1, part 8 Volume 1, part 1, 1913

The Silurian, Devonian and Irvine Formations of East-Central Kentucky

August F Foerste

Full title is: "The Silurian, Devonian and Irvine Formations of East-Central Kentucky with an Account of Their Clays and Limestones" Contents: Letter of Transmittal p. 7 The Chief Divisions of the Paleozoic Rocks of Kentucky p. 11 The Minor Subdivisions Adopted in this Report p. 14 Areas of Exposure of the Paleozoic Rocks of Kentucky p. 22 The Classification of Silurian Rocks of East-Central Kentucky p. 27 Whitfieldella Horizon p. 36 Rose Run Iron Ore p. 38 Plum Creek Clay p. 44 Oldham Limestone p. 47 Lulbegrud Clay p. 50 Waco Limestone Horizon p. 52 Estill Clay p. 59 Crab Orchard Division p. 62 Linney's Reports on the Silurian Rocks East of the Cincinnati Geanticline p. 63 The Classification of Devonian Rocks p. 79 Fossils Cited by Linney from Devonian Limestones of Eastern Kentucky p. 87 Variations in Thickness of Devonian Limestone in East Central Kentucky p. 89 Minor Subdivisions of Devonian Limestone in East-Central Kentucky p. 92 Detailed Account of Sections of Silurian and Devonian Rocks of East-Central Kentucky p. 137 Part 2: Economic Geology - The Silurian and Devonian Clays and Limestones of Eastern Kentucky, with Notes on Waverly and Irvine Clays p. 207 The chemical Characteristics of the Ordovician Rocks p. 211 The Chemical Characteristics of the Silurian Rocks of Kentucky East of the Cincinnati Geanticline p. 217 The Chemical Characteristics of the Devonian Rocks of Kentucky, East of the Cincinnati Geanticline p. 244 The Chemical Characteristics of the Lower Waverly Rocks p. 262 The Chemical Composition of the Irvine Clays p. 267 The Clay Industries of Madison County p. 276 Water Horizons p. 285 Oil Horizons p. 268 Part 3: Characteristic Fossils of the Silurian Formations of Eastern Kentucky, Chiefly from the Waco Limestone Horizon p. 293 Plates of Fossils and Explanations p. 331 General Index (Incl. formations, list of localities, and index to locality numbers used on accompanying maps) p. 347

Kentucky Fossil Shells

Henry C. E. Nettelroth

Monograph, 1889 Part 1: Fossil Shells of the Silurian and Devonian Rocks. A Short Sketch on Geology, pg. 3-27 Part 2: Fossil Shells of the Silurian and Devonian Rocks. Description of Species, pg. 28-230

Jackson Purchase, Volume F, 1888: Report on the Geological and Economic Features of the Jackson's Purchase Region, Embracing the Counties of Ballard, Calloway, Fulton, Graves, Hickman, McCracken, and Marshall

Robert H Loughridge

CONTENTS: Letter of transmittal, p. 2 History of the Purchase, p. 7 Surface configuration: Elevation; Lowlands; Uplands; Plateaus of varying elevations, p. 8 DRAINAGE SYSTEMS: Tennessee basin; Clark's river basin ; Ohio basin; Mississippi basin, p. 13 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES, p. 16 GEOLOGICAL FEATURES: Border of the Purchase; Paleozoic shelf, p. 17 Devonian, p. 22 Subcarboniferous, p. 26 Cretaceous, p. 32 Tertiary: Hickman; Lignitic; Lagrange, p. 36 Quaternary : Gravel beds; Tennessee river gravel; Ore region gravel; Gravel conglomerate, p. 57 Stratified drift: Area covered; Deposition; Sand and sandstones, p. 63 Port Hudson: Blue clays; Micaceous clay loam of valleys, p. 73 Loess or grey silt: Shells from loess, p. 77 Brown loam, lower and upper, p. 80 Alluvium: Valley gravel, p. 82 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, p. 84 Clays : Uses; Methods of manufacture; Common brick; Front building brick; Terra-cotta lumber; Fire-brick; Gas retorts; Pottery; Earthenware; Whiteware and porcelain; Ornamental terra-cotta; Encaustic tile; Drain pipe or tile, p. 84 Character of the Purchase clays: Refractory clays; Hickman bluffs; Columbus bluffs; White plastic clays; Black or bluish clays; Comparison with German fire-clay; Unrefractory clays; Ochreous clays, p. 96 Lignite or brown coal, p. 119 Iron ores: Of ore region gravel; Of later gravel; Clay ironstone; Magnetite; Iron pyrites, p. 122 Vivianite: Galena; Gypsum; Greensand; Sand; Polishing powder, p. 127 Water supply, p. 134 AGRICULTURAL FEATURES, p. 139 Lowlands: River bottom lands; Bottoms of smaller streams; Valley lands; Tennessee; Ohio; Clark's river, p. 141 Uplands: Cane hills; Flatwoods ; Barrens; Oak and hickory lands, p. 166 ANTIQUITIES : Fulton county; Hickman county; Ballard county; McCracken county; Marshall county, p. 173 Appendix I: Description of fossil plants from Tennessee, p. 196 Appendix II: Description of fossil plants from near Wickliffe, p. 198 Appendix III: Result of examination of material from bored well in Paducah, p. 321 Description of Counties: Fulton, Hickman, Ballard, McCracken, Marshall, Graves, Calloway, p. 201

Kentucky Fossil Corals: A Monograph of the Fossil Corals of the Silurian and Devonian Rocks of Kentucky

William J Davis

Part 1 text was never published; this is a monograph consisting only of part 2. 139 plates.

Notes on the Rocks of Central Kentucky, with List of Fossils (Report of Investigations 3, part 1)

William M. Linney

Geological Reports, 1882

Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Kentucky, Volume 1

Nathaniel Southgate Shaler, J. A. Allen, Lucien Carr

Contains all sections of "Memoirs Volume 1" On the Antiquity of the Caverns and Cavern Life of the Ohio Valley The American Bisons, Living and Extinct On the Fossil Brachiopods of the Ohio Valley On the Prehistoric Remains of Kentucky

Palaeontological Report (Administrative Report 3, part 4)

Sidney S Lyon

Administrative Report 3, part 4

Palaeontological Report of Coal Measure Mollusca (Administrative Report 3, part 6)

Edward T Cox

Administrative Report 3, part 6

Palaeontological Report of the Fossil Flora of the Coal Measures of the Western Kentucky Coal Field (Administrative Report 3, part 5)

Leo Lesquereux

Administrative Report 3, part 5